The Corrine Brown example cuts the other way: Florida’s mapmakers used race and partisanship together, and when Black voters were cracked out of the district, Black representation fell and Republicans benefited overall. But the VRA was intended to prevent minority vote dilution, not to engineer “competitive” districts for Democrats. Without Section 2, legislatures would have far more room to crack or pack minority voters until they no longer have a realistic chance to elect candidates of their choice.